How This Is Calculated
The tool adds up what you own, subtracts what you owe, adds back lifetime taxable gifts and compares the total with the federal basic exclusion for the year of death. It does not prepare or estimate a Form 706. Every result is an estimate.
- California has no estate tax and no inheritance tax. No California estate tax return is required for deaths on or after January 1, 2005; the old inheritance tax applies only to deaths before June 8, 1982 (State Controller).
- The federal basic exclusion is $15,000,000 per person for deaths in 2026 and $13,990,000 for deaths in 2025. After 2026 it is indexed for inflation, and the tool will use each new figure once the IRS publishes it (IRS, what’s new for estate and gift tax).
- Your estate includes your home, accounts, retirement accounts and business interests, and life insurance on your life if it is payable to your estate or you held any incident of ownership at death. Debts and mortgages are deducted (Instructions for Form 706, Schedules D, I and K).
- Property in a revocable living trust is still in your estate, because you keep the power to change or revoke the trust (Internal Revenue Code §2038).
- Lifetime taxable gifts made after 1976 are added back; the Code calls them adjusted taxable gifts (Internal Revenue Code §2001(b)). A gift is taxable only to the extent it is over the annual exclusion of $19,000 per person for 2025 and 2026; gifts to a spouse who is a U.S. citizen and tuition or medical bills paid directly are not taxable gifts (IRS gift tax FAQ).
- Two different tests. Filing: a Form 706 is required when the gross estate (everything before debts) plus adjusted taxable gifts is more than the basic exclusion, even if debts and deductions bring the tax to zero, and whenever the executor elects portability (Instructions for Form 706, Which Estates Must File). The filing line is one basic exclusion, even for a survivor who received a spouse’s unused exclusion. Tax: tax is owed only when the taxable estate (after debts and deductions) plus adjusted taxable gifts is more than the exclusion. The tool shows both: the filing test uses the estate before debts, the tax comparison uses the estate after debts.
- Married couples: property passing to a surviving spouse who is a U.S. citizen qualifies for the marital deduction, so the first death usually owes nothing. For a spouse who is not a citizen the deduction needs a qualified domestic trust (Internal Revenue Code §2056(d) and §2056A), and a nonresident noncitizen survivor generally cannot use portability (Instructions for Form 706, Schedule M and Part 6). The first spouse’s estate must still file a Form 706 if that spouse’s own gross estate plus taxable gifts is over the exclusion, even when the marital deduction means no tax.
- Portability: the unused exclusion of the first spouse (DSUE) passes to the survivor only if a timely Form 706 is filed, due 9 months after the death with a 6 month extension available. If the first spouse was a U.S. citizen or resident and the estate was not otherwise required to file, Rev. Proc. 2022-32 allows the election up to the fifth anniversary of the death. The DSUE amount is the lesser of the basic exclusion in effect at the first death and the first spouse’s unused exclusion (Internal Revenue Code §2010(c)(4); IRS estate tax FAQ).
- For a couple the tool assumes the survivor owns everything you entered and both deaths fall in the year you picked. With portability it compares the total with two exclusions; without it, one. If the first death falls in an earlier year, the unused exclusion carried over is capped at that year’s figure. It counts all lifetime taxable gifts against the survivor, which is the cautious reading.
- The federal rate on the amount above the exclusion is 40% (Form 706 Table A). The tool shows how far over you are but not the tax, because charitable gifts, estate expenses and other deductions change it.
- “Near” is our rule of thumb, not a legal line: no tax is due, but the total is within 10% of the exclusion (or of two exclusions with portability), or the gross estate plus gifts is over one exclusion so a Form 706 would be required.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does California have an estate tax or an inheritance tax?
No. California has no estate tax and no inheritance tax. The State Controller says no California estate tax return is required for anyone who died on or after January 1, 2005. The only death tax that can reach a California resident is the federal estate tax.
Does a revocable living trust reduce estate tax?
No. Property in a revocable trust still counts in your estate for federal estate tax, because you can change or revoke the trust. A revocable trust avoids probate. An estate above the federal exclusion needs a different kind of plan, and an attorney should design it.
Do I have to file a federal estate tax return if no tax is owed?
Sometimes. The filing test and the tax test are different. A Form 706 is required when the gross estate, meaning everything before debts and mortgages, plus taxable gifts made after 1976 is more than the basic exclusion, even if debts, the marital deduction or charitable gifts bring the tax to zero. A married couple also needs a Form 706 at the first death to elect portability, whatever the size of the estate.
What is portability for a married couple?
Portability lets the surviving spouse add the unused exclusion of the spouse who died first to the survivor’s own exclusion. It is not automatic. The executor has to file a Form 706 for the first spouse on time, which is 9 months after the death, or 15 months with the 6 month extension. If no return was otherwise required and the first spouse was a U.S. citizen or resident, Rev. Proc. 2022-32 allows the election up to the fifth anniversary of the death.
Do I count life insurance?
Count the death benefit of any policy on your life that you own or that is payable to your estate. Federal law includes the proceeds if you held any incident of ownership when you died, such as the right to change the beneficiary or borrow against the policy. A policy that someone else has always owned is generally not counted.
What counts as a lifetime taxable gift?
A gift to one person in one year above the annual exclusion, which is $19,000 for 2025 and 2026, is a taxable gift reported on Form 709. You usually pay no gift tax when you make it; the gift uses up part of your federal exclusion instead. Gifts to a spouse who is a U.S. citizen and tuition or medical bills paid directly are not taxable gifts. Enter the total taxable gifts from your gift tax returns.